What is CBT?
(Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
What is CBT?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based talking therapy developed by psychiatrist Dr. Aaron Beck. It is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for a wide range of mental health conditions, thanks to its strong research foundation and long-term effectiveness.
How can CBT help me?
CBT is used to treat conditions such as:
Depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Health Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder, and Phobias — among others. It is also helpful in managing long-term health conditions such as obesity, chronic pain, migraine, stress, insomnia, and adjustment to life changes, including in later life.
How does CBT work?
CBT helps you understand how your thoughts, emotions, behaviours, and physical sensations are linked. By identifying unhelpful patterns and learning new, practical ways to respond, CBT supports you in making meaningful changes that improve mental and emotional wellbeing.
A key strength of CBT is that it’s goal-directed and collaborative. Therapy focuses on what you want to achieve — whether that’s feeling more confident, reducing anxiety, coping with trauma, or managing obsessive thoughts or chronic pain. You and your therapist set clear goals and work together to reach them.
CBT is not just about talking — it’s a ‘doing’ therapy. You’ll learn skills during sessions and apply them in daily life. This active approach builds confidence, helps you make lasting changes, and gives you tools you can continue using beyond therapy.
Importantly, CBT also focuses on preventing relapse. You’ll learn to recognise early warning signs, manage triggers, and develop long-term coping strategies — helping you stay well in the future.
Who can benefit from CBT?
CBT can be effective for people of all ages, including older adults (65+), and can be tailored to support age-related challenges such as health concerns and adjustment to retirement or loss. In fact, there is research evidence that older people are just as likely to benefit from CBT as younger people.
Who can help me?
Dr Joanne Younge is a BABCP (British Association of Cognitive and Psychological Therapies) accredited Cognitive Psychotherapist who has a background as a medical doctor and psychiatrist so is uniquely positioned to provide you with holistic assessment and treatment
If you decide to proceed with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) please always ensure that your therapist is accredited with the BABCP, the lead professional organisation for the UK and Ireland.
This shows your therapist has received at least 450 hours training and 200 hours supervised practice, which includes weekly supervision of videos of practice and has had practice evaluated by case studies and standardised assessment of practice. BABCP Accredited practitioners require evidence of ongoing supervision and continuous professional development and must meet high standards.
Now introducing...
Virtual Reality
enhanced CBT
Innovative cutting edge technology meets evidence based therapy
A key part of good CBT often involves real world site visits for exposure to anxiety provoking situations (e.g. a crowded place) for that patient. Virtual reality is transforming CBT by providing exposure to realistic environments associated with anxiety in a safe , confidential office space. Research supports VR-CBT for height/flight/animal /crowd phobias, driving anxiety, OCD, social anxiety and PTSD. We are the first private clinic in Northern Ireland offering this innovative VR-CBT treatment. Scenarios can be tailored for each individual and gradually scaled, step by step at your own pace, repeated in a standardised therapeutic environment. Multiple randomised controlled trials demonstrate virtual reality CBT is on a par with traditional real life exposure without many of the drawbacks.
Useful Resources
Click on the play button to find out 'What is CBT?' in this 1 minute BABCP video
Below please also find some useful resource videos on grounding techniques, progressive muscle relaxation and 'passengers on the bus' metaphor for our thoughts that can hold us back.
5-4-3-2-1
grounding
This simple technique can help bring your attention from either the past rumination or future worries and back to the present to break the cycle
Progressive muscle relaxation
Guided progressive muscle relaxation exercises where each muscle group is tensed then released, which can be helpful in preparing for sleep or help 'turn down the volume' of chronic pain
Passengers
on a bus-
thought metaphor
Passengers on a bus based on Acceptance and Committment Therapy i(ACT) s a good explantion of the impact our thoughts can have on how we feel and behave and how trying to block thoughts or avoidance may seem helpful at the time but can make things worse long-term.
Blogs
Blogs on sleep issues and difficult thoughts
Joanne often recommends this accessible, graphic novel-style booklet for patients who struggle with literacy or have difficulty concentrating, especially when sleep problems make it hard to absorb large amounts of text:
How to Improve Your Sleep Link
She explains that the booklet serves as a helpful visual reminder of the session, giving her clients something to take home that covers all the key ingredients for good sleep, e.g., establishing a wind-down routine, particularly one that involves switching off from electronic devices (a major issue nowadays).
It also incorporates the impact of thoughts and behaviours on the physical state (in this case, tiredness, or readiness for sleep), which is a key consideration of CBT.
Very helpfully, it includes a ‘before and after’ sleep diary, which is an ideal homework task relating to the session focus, and will provide learning to build on in the next session. Overall, Joanne finds that having a clear, visual resource empowers her clients to reinforce what they've learned and feel more confident about making positive changes to their sleep habits.
If you’ve ever done Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), you’ll know the moment:
you catch yourself thinking the same old negative thought about yourself. Again!
“I’m not good enough”
“I always mess things up”
“Nothing ever works out for me”
And just as quickly, another thought follows: "I should be past this by now".
But here’s the truth—going back to those thoughts doesn’t mean you’ve failed. It means your brain is doing exactly what it has learned to do.
The Brain Loves Familiar Paths
Think of your thoughts like a path through a wheatfield.
Over time, every repeated negative belief, every self-criticism, every doubt, has walked the same route again and again.
That path becomes clear, flattened, and easy to follow. It’s familiar. Automatic.
So when something triggers you, your mind naturally heads down that well-trodden route. Not because it’s true. Not because it’s helpful. But because it’s practised.
CBT doesn’t erase that path overnight. Instead, it helps you begin building a new one.
Creating a New Path Takes Time
Now imagine stepping off that old path and trying a different direction.
At first, it’s uncomfortable. The wheat is tall. The ground is uneven. You might even lose your way.
That’s what challenging negative thoughts feels like:
“Maybe I didn’t fail—I’m still learning”
“This doesn’t define me”
“I can try again”
These thoughts don’t feel natural yet because they’re not well-worn.
They require effort. Intention. Repetition.
And here’s the key: every time you choose that new route, even briefly, you are strengthening it.
Why Your Mind Returns to Negative Thoughts: Going Back Isn’t Failure
It’s important to understand this: returning to old negative thinking patterns is not a step backwards- it’s part of the process.
In fact, noticing that you’ve gone back is progress.
Before CBT, those thoughts might have gone unquestioned. Now, even if you follow the old path for a while, you can pause and say:
“Ah, I recognise this. This is that old route”
That moment of awareness is powerful. It creates choice.
There’s a simple reframe that can help here:
FAIL = First Attempt In Learning
Every time you catch yourself in a negative belief, you are:
Learning what triggers you
Learning how your mind responds
Learning where your old paths lie
And each attempt to shift, even if it feels clumsy or incomplete, is part of building something new.
Be Patient With the Process
New mental pathways don’t appear fully formed. They are created through repetition, compassion, and time.
Some days you’ll walk the new path with confidence; other days, you’ll find yourself back on the old one before you even realise it.
Both are part of change.
So instead of asking:
“Why am I still like this?”
Try asking:
“What can I notice here?”
Because the goal isn’t perfection. It’s awareness, flexibility, and gradual change.
A Gentle Reminder
You are not your thoughts. You are the person learning to respond to them differently.
And every step, either forward, sideways, or even back, can still be part of moving ahead.
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